The Organ Systems in Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Cardiovascular system:

Particulate air pollution can contribute to an increased likelihood of mycocardial infarction (heart attacks), although the overall burden of this on Western society is less than that of tobacco smoking.
Peripheral blood vessels can be harmed by various occupational exposures such as vibration, or the myocardium damaged by solvents such as carbon disulphide.

Respiratory system:

The lungs are very prone to exposure and hence harm by the environment. The commonest occupational lung disease in our society nowadays is asthma, although there is still a legacy of suffering from agenst such as asbestos.

Skin:

This organ of first contact is as exposed as the respiratory tract.

Musculoskeletal system:

tenosynovitis and similar conditions from
back pain from manual handling
osteoarthritis of the hip from exposures in farming and other jobs

Nervous and Mental

peripheral neuropathy e.g. caused by lead or n-hexane
nerve deafness induced by noise
mental ill-health e.g. caused by stress, or by chemical exposures such as mercury
Parkinsonian syndrome caused by exposure to manganese

Blood/Marrow

anaemia e.g. caused by lead, which may impair the synthesis of normal haemoglobin
aplastic anaemia may be caused by high exposures to benzene
leukaemia (a cancer of certain white blood cells) caused by benzene

Genitourinary and endocrine

kidney damage caused by some solvent exposures, or by cadmium
bladder cancer e.g. caused by beta naphthylamine, or compounds of similarstructure (generally aromatic amines, with an aromatic group in the 'para' position to the amine)
infertility caused by some chemical exposures e.g. male infertility caused by DBCP (dibromochloropropane). A range of chemicals have been implicated in the potential for endocrine disruption and/or effects on reproduction such as phthalates, glycol ethers, and organophosphates

Liver

Hepatitis, e.g. toxic from some chemicals or viral e.g. in health care workers

Cancer e.g. Vinyl chloride monomer causing angiosarcoma

Occupational and Environmental Medicine is an important area of medicine in its own right and because it is an essential part of many specialties because of the important influences from work and the environment on health. Besides the above organ systems, the implications may involve other medical specialties such as:
Infectious diseases,
Accident and emergency medicine,
Toxicology,
Paediatrics,
Immunology,
Oncology,
Otorhinolaryngology,
Psychiatry,
...and others

References:

Pope AM & Rall DP (Editors, Institute of Medicine). Environmental Medicine- Integrating a Missing Element into Medical Education. National Academy Press, Washington, 1995. ISBN 0-309-05140-1

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